History of McAndreis
McAndreis is the Gàidhlig for the modern Anderson
Anderson is one of the largest and most diverse names in Scotland with a long and highly respected reputation. Andersons, such as David Anderson of Finshaugh, used his skill of mathematics and mechanics to remove a large rock obstructing Aberdeen harbour. This earned him the nickname “Davie-do-aw-things”. Another example is Alexander Anderson for his works in geometry and algebra in Paris from 1612 to 1619. There are tales of Ian beg MacAindrea’s vengeance on cattle lifters, too. Andersons have been noted through the centuries for their intellectual prowess, military daring and courage. We could fill several tomes listing many more Andersons but, for the sake of brevity, a few shall suffice for now since the Internet offers more detail on our ancestors and it makes no sense to repeat such information here. Links to many other websites of this kind can be found in the Useful Internet Links part of this website. There, you can find considerable information on Anderson history but just remember there are as many opinions as there are links.
Although McAndreis is one of the Gàidhlig forms of the anglicised name Anderson, McAndreis is NOT part of the Anderson Clan as understood today. We are a separate and standalone clan, with some common family and historical ties to some of the Andersons. Hope Vere Anderson of New Abbey in Dumfriesshire was the Appointed Commander, Come Chief Of Anderson’s in 1989 and appointed by the past Lord Lyon Sir Malcolm Innes of Edingight during his tenure in 1981 - 2001.
We are a proud clan with a membership in Scotland and Internationally totalling 1147 souls. We can trace our clan and kin in an unbroken line back to 1542 and then a somewhat intermittent records trail to about 1320 - 1312 during the time of Robert de Bruys, better known today as King Robert the Bruce. According to family records, two of our ancestors were given title and lands by King Robert and although the proof is reasonable and fair, it is not what is called dramatic. The titles and holdings of these ancestors are long extinct and no longer exist in the family.
Our Clan has lived and worked in the Highlands for centuries calling two places our home to our oldest ancestors.
The two oldest ancestors known to us were Ian from Loch Assynt near Inchnadamph in Sutherland, and Guthrie from the area between Cove and Stirkhill and between Loch Ewe and Loch An Draing in Wester Ross. In 1821 Isabelle Gordon (formally an Anderson) married Calum Anderson of Laide after she had inherited the land and house of the landowner upon his death. The property has been in the family ever since. This property is considered as our ancestral family lands in Wester Ross, as it is so close to the birthplace of Guthrie McAndreis. The property in Sutherland was purchased as a symbolic representation of our roots and heritage of the area and ancestor Ian McAndreis. The properties of 1575 once worked by McAndreis as crofters in Sutherland have long since been absorbed by others over the centuries. McAndreis names in our family include Mac Gille Andrais, Andrais, McAndrew, Anderson and other family names associated with our family past and present are: Gordon, McKenzie, McGregor and Macleod/McLeod.
Although popular beliefs state that the ancestral lands of Clan McAndreis lie in the region of Badenoch, there is sufficient room for doubt as this cannot be proved or disproved with certainty. In our research, we have failed to find a common ancestor or line of McAndreis or Anderson to trace as the progenitor of the line. At no time or place in our family tree can we find a reference to any member ever coming from this area beyond travelling there and returning. The origin of McAndreis in Scotland has become the sixty-four million pound question! However, through our own family records we are without doubt sure of our origins within the Sutherland - Wester Ross Highland area.
Down the centuries and across generations, Andersons have been warriors and crofters, workers and scholars, teachers and healers. Many Andersons have served as soldiers for the crown and other military services all over the World; some with distinction and some not quite admirably. In every nation our family now exists in, South Africa, Chile, Paraguay, Mexico, Australia, Russia and the United States of America, we have serving soldiers committed to military service.
Scots have a long and proud history of discovery, innovation and advancement in science; a tradition that continues to this day with significant contributions to genetics, medicine and engineering. None of this deserves to be consigned to the scrap heaps of printed books and bye-gone memories. We hope you’ll join with us and others to help us generate a better future for Scotland.
History of the Jacobites
Introduction
Jacobite comes from the Latin word Jacobus, meaning James, thus a Jacobite is a follower of James; better known as King James Stewart. A sure sign of a Jacobite was a white double bow ribbon to signify the white rose of Alba (Scotia). At this time it was the Royal House of Stewart that was the rightful ruling house in Scotland from the time of King Robert II from 1460 and Great Britain from the death of Elizabeth I of England and until the death of Queen Anne in 1714. King James was the father of this Queen Anne and she ascended the throne by the machinations of the English Westminster Government who deposed her father, and on the death of her sister, Mary, and Mary’s husband, William the usurping Prince of Orange without heirs.
Although the Jacobite cause could be said to have originated with the usurping of William of Orange, the seeds of rebellion which grew into a bitter confrontation, were planted much earlier, during the time of King Charles II. James, the Duke of York (then) was the younger brother to Charles II and heir to the throne. James learned it was best to be of the popular faith of the people especially in public. At that time it was prudent to be Protestant.
Charles warned James from his death bed, however, James was unmoved and remained a steadfast Catholic. He married Anne Hyde and had two daughters Mary and Anne. Mary married the Prince of Orange while Anne married Prince George of Denmark and was the last rightful Stewart Monarch. During the reign of Charles, Orange began an intrigue with the Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch, one of Charles illegitimate sons to rid the country of the new King James, Duke of York. The plot failed. Monmouth left the court in disgrace, Charles died, and soon once again, Monmouth conspired to remove James the Duke of York but again and again the plot failed. James was not as forgiving as Charles, and Monmouth was executed on Tower Hill and his conspirator, the Earl of Argyle, was executed in Edinburgh.
Anne Hyde, wife of the new King died in due course and James re-married to the Princess Marie Beatrix of Modena and who was a devote Catholic. By now, the Whig Government of Westminster were conspiring with William of Orange who landed at Torbay and caused King James to flee with his wife and son, Prince James, the heir to the throne. James never abdicated his throne: the Royal Family fled to France.
James went to Ireland to raise an army and while there, William of Orange landed with a great army. At the Battle of Boyne, the army of James was defeated and he was forced to escape back to France where his wife awaited in St. Germains. The Royal Family, now in exile settled in Italy were young Prince James was raised. He eventually fathered two sons, Charles Edward (Bonnie Prince Charlie) and Henri, later Cardinal of York. During the battles and struggles for freedom to restore the throne of the Stewarts many were to die in the fighting. The fighting would only end at the disastrous battle at Culloden on Drumossie Moor in 1746.
The Battle of Killiecrankie (Cath Raon Ruairidh)
27th July 1689
On the 11th May 1689, the new Earl of Argyll on behalf of the Lords of Scotland, Sir James Montgomery for the knights and Sir John Dalrymple for the Burghs were sent to London to offer the Crown of Scotland to William. On the 21st of the month a new Scottish Parliament was opened at Edinburgh at this, the Duke of Hamilton was given full powers to imprison any person who might be suspected of disloyalty to the new government. While the northern parts of the country was mainly Catholic, the lowland areas were mostly Presbyterian and to some extent, the country was now divided in its support for the exiled King.
Prior to these events, on the 14th March 1689, a convention of estates had been called on the orders of the usurping King William and at this meeting, the foreign Prince invited all the nobles present to kiss his hand as a sign of their fealty. Some of the Scottish nobility were outraged at this, and two of them, James Graham, Viscount Dundee (Bonnie Dundee) and the Earl of Balcarres left the convention. Dundee left Edinburgh on the 18th March 1689 accompanied by his own troopers and rode north into the highlands. He paused briefly before he left and rode to Edinburgh castle where he spoke with the Duke of Gordon who was holding the castle for King James, then wheeled his horse and with his troopers behind him, rode out of the city. A troop of government soldiers was sent after him to bring him back, however, when they finally caught up with Dundee, they, fearful of his reputation, declined to even attempt to arrest Graham. Within days, Dundee was safely at home at Dudhope, near Dundee and from there he began to call out the clans, who quickly rallied to him.
General Hugh MacKay and a government force were sent out to arrest and bring him to Edinburgh. For some time, the forces of MacKay and Dundee criss-crossed Scotland until, on the 27th July 1689, the two armies came together at the Pass of Killiecrankie. The Highland host was up on the hill high above the pass when MacKay’s force was seen approaching. As the government troops entered the pass, his officers urged Dundee to attack, but the Viscount replied that it was not the way of highland honour to attack an enemy who was not able to defend himself, therefore he would not attack until MacKay had cleared the steep sided pass. Dundee addressed his troops and a deathly hush fell over the highland ranks, which, as MacKay and his men cleared the pass below, gave way to a silent motion. Treading softly, the highlanders went silently down the hillside towards their enemy. The sun was setting in the western sky when, erupting in wild war cries, swords in hand and targes (shields) glinting in the fading rays, the highlanders fell upon the unsuspecting government troops.
MacKays’s men had been totally obvious to the nearness of Dundee and as the savage highland charge began, they were thrown into complete disarray, with men and horse falling over each other before they could get a chance to form up in their ranks. Dundee, at the head of his horsemen, charge headlong at the enemy cannon and drove the artillery back but as he wheeled his horse to face another section. A stray musket ball found its target and caught him full in the chest, penetrating his breastplate. The noble Dundee fell from his horse, which continued to charge, but the ball had found its target and the Viscount fell dying from his saddle and died within minutes. When the cry that Dundee had fallen went up, the rage of the highlanders knew no bounds and under a vicious onslaught, MacKay was forced to give the order to retreat as swiftly as possible, pursued for a great distance by the screaming horde.
The day had been won, but the cost was high, for the blue bonnet of Dundee now lay in the dust, never again to be held in triumph by that proud hand. The Viscount had died, not knowing of his great victory by in the death of this great Jacobite, the triumph at Killiecrankie lost its glory and rather than the victory at Killiecrankie being and advantage to King James, it was probably the precursor of his ruin, for Dundee had been the one man who could have united Scotland. With Dundee on that day there fell nine hundred of his loyal men, amongst whom was Alaister Dubh, the brother of the Glengarry Chief, who, with each stroke of his mighty broadsword had brought down two of the enemy. The son of Glengarry also died, having taken down eighteen of the government force. Five cousins of MacDonald of the Isles also fell as did the Tutor of MacDonald of the Isles.
The Battle of Cromdale
30th April and 1st May 1690
After the death of Dundee, the Jacobite forces came under the command of General Cannon, who, while he was a good soldier, was not in the least familiar with the ways of the highlanders under his command. At Dunkeld, the Jacobites attempted to take the town which was under the command of the Covenanting Cameronians who had been left there by Sir Hugh MacKay and who were under the command of William Clelland. Clelland had only about 12 hundred men, but the Jacobite force, even though they outnumbered the Cameronians, were unable to take the town and eventually left the area. Cannon now lost the respect of his men and nost of the highlanders retired into Blair, leaving Cannon, some lowland troops and some Irish militia to go their own way.
During the winter of 1689/90 the highland army slowly diminished as, apart from losses and wounded, some of the men simply left to attend to their families and their own lands. King James now sent a new Officer, named Buchan to command the army, but he had no more success than Cannon before him. The government had by now dispatched a force under Colonel Livingstone with orders to find and attack the Jacobite army. Buchan meantime held a council of war at Culnakill and was advised by his officers that he should not attempt to march beyond that place, but that they should make for Glenorchy and set up camp in a wooded area where they could remain out of sight. Buchan rejected this advice and marched the men down the river Spey to Cromdale where he set up his camp. By now, Livingstone was within eight miles of Strathspey and in the lands of the Laird of Grant, and here he received word of Buchan’s advance down the Spey. The Jacobites, unaware of the closeness of Livingstone, were resting near Lethindie on the plain of Cromdale.
Livingstone found a ford at Dellachapel and crossed the Spey and moved towards the Jacobite camp before daybreak. He and his men rode furiously into the camp as the men were just rousing themselves and the highlanders had no time to rally. Livingstone tried to get between the Jacobite camp and the hills, to cut off any escape in a short time, three hundred or more of the highlanders lay dead and more than a hundred were taken prisoner. The remainder fled, some of them naked, into the hills followed by Livingstone and his men, and at the foot of the Hill of Cromdale, some of the highlanders who had arms, turned to face him. Fortunately, at that point a thick mist descended and Livingstone was forced to give up the pursuit. The highland army however, was now scattered, and broken as an effective force, and not long after Cromdale the entire force dispersed.
On the 14th June 1701, a bill was passed in Westminster to the effect that on the death of King William and his sister-in-law Anne, (later Queen Anne) the succession would pass to the Electress of Hanover and her heirs. This act effectively, with one stroke, cut off all the descendents of the Lawful King James of whom fifty three were much nearer to the throne than the Hanoverians. The act was like a death blow to the Jacobite followers of the Royal Stewarts and was typical of the pathological hatred the government at Westminster bore toward the Royal Stewart family. The exiled King James of Britain died at St. Germains on the 16th September 1701 and was succeeded by his son, James, Prince of Wales. The King of France and other Royal houses of Europe immediately recognised the young James as the new King of Britain. This outraged King William of Orange who now began to fear that the French would invade England to restore James to his throne. In 1702, King William of Orange died as a result of massive infection, which had set into wounds he had received after his horse threw him. The horse had reared on the sudden appearance of a mole. A new Jacobite toast could then be heard across the land as they rejoiced in the death of the usurper William. ‘Here’s to the little gentleman in the black velvet coat’ Queen Anne now sat upon the throne. She was to be the last of the Stewart monarchs.
On the 1st May 1707 the treaty for the union of the Parliaments was completed at Westminster, but this treaty was seen only as an instrument for the destruction of the Scottish nation. The second act of the treaty, gave succession, not to the late Queen’s exiled half brother Prince James Stewart, but to the Electress of Hanover and her heirs forever. In Scotland, religious differences were now pushed aside as the people united for a common cause. Prince James sailed for Scotland but was unable to land when the weather turned so bad that the French fleet which had the Prince on board, after out running the English fleet who were lying in wait, was forced to turn back. There is little doubt that had James been able to land at this point, the entire Scots nation would have been behind him.
Meanwhile, large and small groups of heavily armed men could be seen marching across the highlands of Scotland and this caused considerable alarm in government circles. The Duke of Gordon was arrested and imprisoned at Edinburgh. The Marquis of Huntly and Lord Drummond were held captive in their respective homes. Campbell of Glendaruel was thrown into prison as was Sir Donald MacDonald of Sleat. The Earl of Mar was dismissed from his post of Scottish secretary at Westminster and riots began to break out all over Scotland. This was the state of affairs when the German Prince George of Hanover arrived to assume the thrones of Britain.
The Jacobite Rising - 1715 (Rising to Absolutists)
First of all, this was not a rebellion as is so often portrayed. This was a rising against a foreign King while the rightful heir to the thrones of Britain was still alive. The Earl of Mar returned to Scotland in August 1715 and he began to call up the clans. While the Jacobites were thus assembling, news came of the death of their good ally, the King of France and this news could not have come at a more unfortunate time. Meanwhile, the government became aware of the gathering of the clans in the north and had appointed the Duke of Argyll as Commander-in-Chief of the German King’s forces in Scotland and Generalissimo of the Stirling castle encampment. Argyll received his instructions on the 8th September 1715 and left London to take up his new post at Stirling.
On the 18th and 19th September, seven hundred men were sent out from Glasgow to reinforce Argyll at Stirling. By the 5th October, Mar had around eight thousand men at his disposal, including MacIntosh, the old Laird of Borlum. Argyll had around two thousand at Stirling. All would have gone well had Mar chosen to march on Stirling at this point, but, brave and bold as he was on the battlefield, he was a politician, not a military man and he decided to linger at Perth to await the arrival of Seaforth who was presently marching towards him with another force of upwards of three thousand men. While Mar lingered at Perth, news was brought to him that English Jacobites in the north of England were desperate for aid, and now Mar made his second blunder by sending a large part of his force south, under the command of Old Borlum.
On the 9th November, Mar called a council of war and his officers and chiefs decided it would be better now to leave Perth and advance on Dunblane. On the 10th, the Jacobite army camped by Auchterarder. Argyll however was aware of the movements of the Jacobites and had sent for more reinforcements and on the morning of the 12th November he also rode towards Dunblane approaching the town from the opposite direction.
The Battle of Sheriffmuir (Blr Sliabh an t-Siorraim)
13th November 1715
That evening, he set up his camp and put his army into battle order on the higher ground above Kippenross. Both armies were now within three miles of each other and separated only by the Sheriffmuir, a large expanse of waste ground which skirted the road from Stirling to Perth. Mar was unaware at this point of the closeness of Argyll and only realised this at daybreak on the 13th when he saw a scouting party from Argyll’s force, including Argyll himself, on the heights of Sheriffmuir. Mar had already put his force into battle order and by the time he had seen Argyll, the Jacobites were armed and ready for battle. On the Sheriffmuir, there is a gently sloping rise which would have been ideal for a highland charge, but now Mar made his third mistake. Instead of using the rise to his advantage, he called a council of Officers and chiefs at which an immediate advance was called for.
By now, Argyll was close to the rise in the ground and could not be seen from the Jacobite lines, neither could Argyll see the Jacobites, and as a result neither commander noticed the advance of the other until they were almost on top of each other. Each army then swung a bit more to the right than was necessary which resulted in the right wings of each army now outflanking the opposing left wings. Reaching to within pistol shot of the enemy, the highlanders poured a volley into the Government infantry who immediately returned the fire, and much to the dismay of the Clan Ranald, their captain, Alan Maidartach fell, fatally wounded. He was immediately taken off the field by his men, and with his dying breath Maidartach told them that they must win the day for their king. After uttering these words, he died, sending his men into a state of shock and stupor from which they only recovered by the words of Glengarry who rode towards them calling, “Revenge, revenge, revenge today and mourn tomorrow”.
This had the desired effect and driven on now by a thirst for revenge, Clan Ranald rushed forward in a fearful highland charge. Three of Argyll’s battalions which were not formed up, now had no chance to do so and under the ferocity of the charge they fell back on some squadrons of horse, sending horses and rider into confusion so that within eight minutes of the start of battle, a complete rout ensued on the entire left flank of the government force, which might have been totally destroyed but for General Witham who checked the advance of the highlanders. Mar’s left flank at this point was also under serious attack, and as they were being driven back, Argyll’s cavalry came thundering down on them. The left flanks of both armies were now routed and the battle became nothing more than a disordered rabble. The Clan MacRae died almost to a man that day in a battle which neither side won, although each commander claimed victory. Not long after this fiasco, some of the clans decided to return home, not out of cowardice, but because it was the way of these warriors that after battle they would go home to see to their families and crops, but nonetheless, the defection of these clans was a severe blow to Mar.
On the 22nd December, the uncrowned King James finally landed in Scotland, and on the 24th of the month he travelled to Fetterosso, the residence of the Earl Marischal. He remained there for several days, and on his arrival there, he raised the Earl of Mar to a Duke. The King then travelled from place to place until he arrived at Glamis castle, seat of the Earl of Strathmore which he reached on the 4th January. Prince James then went to Scone and while there, the date for his coronation was set for the 23rd January. A council of war was called at Perth on the 16th January as news had reached the Jacobite camp that Argyll was advancing with a great force. The prospect of an oncoming battle delighted the highlanders who detested waiting around or marching idly from place to place, but the officers and chief were dismayed by the news and it was decided that the army should go into a retreat, the safety of the King being paramount. The planned coronation did not take place and on the 31st January the Jacobite retreat began and they marched in the direction of Dundee.
The Jacobite Uprising - 1745
This section is being written at present
Battle of Drumossie Moor (aka Culloden 16th April 1746)
The joint forces of Hessian, Hanoverian and other government troops now began a march north. By the 11th April they were at Culloden having rested at Aberdeen for five weeks. By now, the highland army had begun to shrink considerably. The men had almost no food and were surviving on one handful of oatmeal per day. Being constantly in retreat had also disheartened many of them and many slipped away home. Cumberland had by now moved to Nairn on the 14th of the month and on the 15th, Charles and the remainder of his ragged force arrived at Drumossie moor on the outskirts of Culloden. By now their numbers were down to around four thousand. On that drizzling wet morning, Charles Stewart, acting on the advice of John O’Sullivan and ignoring that of Lord Murray, drew his men into battle order on the bleak moor. All that day, the Jacobites stood in the drizzling rain, hungry and tired and waiting for the arrival of Cumberland but there was no sign of the Government troops. More men were now leaving the highland army, not to desert, but to go to Inverness in search of supplies of food and weapons. It now seemed that the best thing the Jacobites could do was to take the battle to Cumberland and they then set out on a night march to Nairn thinking to catch the government army asleep at their camp.
By 2 o’clock in the morning, they had reached the camp at Nairn, however, The camp was not asleep, but up and roused. It was almost as though Cumberland had heard of the Jacobite plans, and who knows. The highland army, lacking the element of surprise, now had no alternative but to make their way back to Drumossie. They arrived back there at 5 o’clock that same morning and in such a state of exhaustion that many of them were unable even to take the meager nourishment that had been found, but collapsed on the field. Three hours later, at 8 o’clock, they were roused from sleep with the news that Cumberland was almost upon them. Cumberland’s force of more than nine thousand well fed, well rested and heavily armed troops now faced the utterly exhausted, starving and ill equipped Jacobites. The icy rain was falling when at 11 o’clock, the Hanoverians advanced onto the moor and with in thirty minutes, the battle was over. The heavy cannon of the government tore into the ranks of the Scots and decimated them. Lord George Murray with the right wing of the highlanders made one of the finest charges in military history by a fierce but futile charge into the ranks of the enemy lines but did little damage. The Hanoverian cavalry now charged the broken Jacobite lines and these were forced into retreat. Jacobite losses in that short time were around fifteen hundred while merely a hundred of the government troops fell. Little should be made of Cumberland’s victory on that day and to contrast the behaviour of the Duke and his troops after the battle with the chivalry and honour displayed by Charles Stewart after Prestonpans and Falkirk, and high as these actions of the Prince stood, they were raised higher by the bestial treatment meted out to the fallen Jacobites at Culloden. Culloden and its aftermath was a terrible massacre which has stained the name of the House of Hanover forever.
Aftermath of Culloden
Aftermath of the Last Battle fought on British Soil
What was to follow the battle on Drumossie Moor cannot be described as any single incident. It is more a list of butchery, revenge and murder. On the morning after the battle: Cumberland gave the order to kill all of the helpless wounded, the men and boys who lay still living among the dead were methodically clubbed, bayoneted, shot, throats cut and mutilated in a blood frenzy approved by the English Military Commander Cumberland. The soldiers were then sent out into the surrounding countryside to find and kill any wounded who had escaped the battlefield, and kill all who gave them aid. The English forces then spread out into the land killing defenceless old men and children, raping the women before killing them. These English forces looted and burned everywhere at will and without the thought of punishment for these horrific crimes against those who could not defend themselves. Bodies, mutilated men, women, and children littered the country and landscape. There could be no estimate of the numbers of dead left by Cumberland’s orders to his English marauding forces. An attempt to justify the butchery and depravity was made when a letter was supposedly found on the body of a Jacobite claiming: “no quarter would be given the Hanoverian forces”. It was proved to be a complete fake and a blatant lie by the English to yet again cover the lies and corruption of Westminster and the Monarch.
Charles Stewart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) was unlike his counterpart; a gentleman and a man of great honour, he had never made or given such an order, neither would he have ever considered such a dishonourable act.
After Culloden, the horror did not quite end. Soon the same brutality began once again with the Highland Clearances and although not many were shot or bayoneted, Highlanders and their children were staved, beaten, burned out and thrown off the land they had crofted and lived on for generations. Entire villages were wiped out to make way for sheep and profit! The life of a Highlander was considered worthless and beneath contempt.
Their culture was demolished, their native language - Gaelic - was banned and marked as a hanging offence if spoken, as was the wearing of tartan and even the Bible was not allowed to be learnt in their own language, never mind written.
This was the final nail in the coffin of the clan system and way of life. This approach, coupled with the broken spirit of the people, was so successful in Scotland that by the end of the 18th century three-fifths of Hebridean landlords were already absentees, preferring the soft life in London society to looking after their own people in the wild and barren Highland glen and rain swept islands. Those who remained in the Highlands helped draft the architecture of the clearances and the final destruction of a once proud clan system and the eradication of the clan culture.
The Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act, 1746 (20 Geo 2 c 43) was an Act of Parliament passed by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1746. It abolished the traditional rights of jurisdiction afforded to a Scottish clan chief. The Act implicitly repealed article XX of the Union with England Act, 1707, which had promised that all inheritable positions in Scotland would continue without change.
The act was made soon after the Battle of Culloden in which government forces defeated the Jacobite Uprising led by Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie). Not all clans had supported the rebellion but the Act nevertheless stripped all clan chiefs of their traditional rights to call men to arms.
Most of its provisions have since been repealed, but it still specifies that any noble title created in Scotland after 6 June 1747 may grant no rights beyond those of landlordship and collecting rents.
NB - Material in the last three paragraghs were gleaned from Wikipedia - click on the link for more information.